We need you! See something you could improve? Make an edit and help improve WikSM for everyone.
Calcaneus
From WikiSM
Alternative Names
- Calcaneum
- Plural: calcanei or calcanea
Description
- General
- Largest tarsal bone/ bones of foot
- Calcaneal tuberosity forms the heel where the Achilles Tendon inserts
- Anatomic description
- Cuboid articulates with the triangular anterior surface
- Talus and Navicular share a space called the talocalcaneonavicular joint
- Thalamic portion: inferior to the posterior articular facet is condensed to approximately 1 cm
- Calcaneal sulcus: groove that runs posteromedially
- Middle calcaneal facet: supported by the sustentaculum tali and articulates with the middle facet of the talus
- Anterior calcaneal facet: articulates with anterior talar facet, supported by calcaneal beak
- Articular facets
- Superolateral fragment contains the articular facets
- Superior articular surface contains three facets that articulate with the Talus
- Posterior facet is the largest and is the major weight bearing surface
- Middle facet is anteromedial on sustentaculum tali
- Anterior facet is often confluent with middle facet
- Sinus tarsi
- Canal formed between calcaneal sulcus (interosseous sulcus or calcaneal groove) and talar sulcus
- Occupied by the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
- Sustentaculum Tali (talar shelf)
- Medial horizontal shelf below middle tarsal facet, supports neck of talus
- Attachments: Calcaneonavicular Ligament, Tibiocalcaneal Ligament, Medial Talocalcaneal Ligament
- Flexor Hallucis Longus passes beneath it
- Sometimes referred to as constant fragment due to medial talocalcaneal and interosseous ligaments
- Talus attachments that anchor here: Deltoid Ligament, Talocalcaneal Ligament
- Bifurcate ligament
- Connects the dorsal aspect of the anterior process to the cuboid and navicular
- Lateral surface
- Calcaneal tubercle (or trochlear process)
- Flat and subcutaneous, with a central peroneal tubercle for the attachment of the Calcaneofibular Ligament
- Lateral Talocalcaneal Ligament attaches antero-superiorly to the peroneal tubercle
- Medial surface
- Talus attaches via Interosseous Ligament, thick medial talocalcaneal ligaments
- The groove inferior to it transmits the Flexor Hallucis Longus tendon
- The neurovascular bundle runs adjacent to the medial border of the calcaneus
- Embryology
- Ossification center develops between 4th and 7th week of fetal development
- Muscle insertion via Achilles Tendon to middle facet of posterior surface of calcaneus
- Muscle origin
Actions
- Actions
- Transfers most of the body weight from the limb to the ground
- Plantarflexion
- Flexion of the knee
- Steadying the leg on the ankle during standing
- Forms two joints
- Proximal intertarsal joint
- Talocalcaneal Joint
Vascular Supply
- Branches of Posterior Tibial Artery
- Medial calcaneal arteries
- Medial and lateral plantar arteries
- Branches of the Anterior Tibial Artery
- Artery of the tarsal sinus and tarsal canal (via lateral tarsal artery)
- Branches of Fibular Artery
- Lateral calcaneal arteries
- Posterior calcaneal arterial anastomosis
Innervation
- Branches of
