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External Rotation Lag Sign
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Other Names
Depiction of the external rotation lag sign. A, start position; B, release[1]
- External Rotation Lag Sign (ERLS)
- Lag Sign of the Shoulder
Purpose
- Evaluate the strength of the Rotator Cuff as a cause of shoulder pain or weakness
- Specifically, the Infraspinatus, Teres Minor
Description
- The patient is seated or standing
- Examiner passively flexes elbow to 90°, with elbow at side
- Examiner then brings the elbow into maximal external rotation
- The patient is instructed to hold this position
- Positive test
- Patient is unable to hold this position
- Arm begins to internally rotate
Pathology
Evidence
Full thickness Teres Minor and/or Infraspinatus
- Castoldi et al[2]
- Sensitivity: 100%
- Specificity: 93%
Full thickness Supraspinatus
- Castoldi et al[2]
- Sensitivity: 56%
- Specificity: 98%
Need to Clarify Muscle/Tendon groups
- Hertel et al[3]
- Sensitivity: 91%
- Specificity: 100%
See Also
References
- ↑ Tennent, T. Duncan, William R. Beach, and John F. Meyers. "A review of the special tests associated with shoulder examination: part I: the Rotator Cuff tests." The American journal of sports medicine 31.1 (2003): 154-160.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Castoldi, Filippo, Davide Blonna, and Ralph Hertel. "External rotation lag sign revisited: accuracy for diagnosis of full thickness supraspinatus tear." Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 18.4 (2009): 529-534.
- ↑ Hertel R, Ballmer FT, Lambert SM, Gerber C. Lag signs in the diagnosis of rotator cuff rupture. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1996;5:307-13
Created by:
John Kiel on 17 January 2020 19:48:11
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Last edited:
18 August 2023 16:47:27
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