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Femur
From WikiSM
Contents
Description
Anatomy of the femur[1]
Greater Trochanter Bursa
- Subgluteus maximus bursa
- Lateral to the greater trochanter, between the tendons of gluteus maximus and medius
- Sometimes divided into up to 4 seperate bursa
- Deep subgluteus maximus bursa: largest, most consistent of these subdivisions, often referred to as the “trochanteric bursa”, implicated in Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome
- Other components include secondary deep, superficial, gluteofemoral
- Subgluteus medius bursa
- Up to 3 bursa, largest on anterior surface of greater trochanter
- Gluteus minimus bursa
- Minor bursa, deep to the minimus insertion on the anterior aspect of the greater trochanter.
Trochlear Groove
- Partially responsible for stabilizing patella during knee flexion and extension
Other Structures
- Peritrochanteric Compartment
- Contents: "trochanteric bursa"
- Anterior border: proximal Sartorious, Tensor Fascia Latae
- Medial border: Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus
- Lateral border: fibers of Iliotibial Band
- Inferior border: terminates at the level of the gluteal sling insertion
- Clinical significance: Portal for hip arthroscopy
- Lateral Compartment
- Peripheral compartment
Pediatric Considerations
- Distal femur physis
- Characterized by 5 important ridges, notches and peaks that change and evolve with skeletal maturity[2]
- Composed primarily of cartilage, made up of 3 distinct zones of maturation
- Contributes an average of 1 cm of annual growth to lower limb
- Growth occurs until 14-16 in females, 16-18 in males
- High rate of growth arrest following fracture
- Significance[3]
Muscle Insertion
- Greater Trochanter attachments
- Lesser Trochanter attachments
- Adductor Tubercle attachments
- Linea Aspera attachments
Actions
- Femoral neck-shaft axis forms an angle of 120-135°
Vascular Supply
- General
- Primarily from Femoral Artery
- Femoral Neck is tenuous
- Medial femoral circumflex artery
- Lateral femoral circumflex artery
- Artery of the ligamentum teres (minor)
Innervation
Clinical Significance
- Proximal
- Shaft
- Distal
See Also
References
- ↑ Image courtesy of //www.britannica.com/, "Femur"
- ↑ Liu, Raymond W., et al. "An anatomic study of the distal femoral epiphysis." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 33.7 (2013): 743-749.
- ↑ Moran, M., and M. F. Macnicol. "(ii) Paediatric epiphyseal fractures around the knee." Current Orthopaedics 20.4 (2006): 256-265.