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Tibia
From WikiSM
Contents
Description
- General
- Major weight bearing bone of the lower leg
- Proximal
- Tibial plateau forms articular surface for the Knee Joint
- Tibial tuberosity is described below
- Distal
- Tibial plafond forms articular surface for the Ankle Joint
- Medial malleolus contributes to medial stability
- Interosseus Membrane
- Acts as a fibrous anchor between the tibia and Fibula
- Runs along the length of both bones (lateral side of tibia)
Tibial Tubercle
- Attachment site for Patellar Tendon
- Final component of Knee Extensor Mechanism
- Developmental Anatomy
- Cartilage stage: occurs before a secondary ossification center appears at the tubercle
- Apophyseal stage: secondary ossification center appears in girls (8-12), boys (9-14)
- Epiphyseal stage: secondary ossification centers (proximal tibia, tubercle) merge into a bony tubercle adjacent to proximal tibial epiphysis
- Continues to expand proximally until it blends with tibial epiphysis around age 17
Actions
- Biomechanical
- Supports knee
- Supports knee flexion/extension at the tibial tubercle
- Supports ankle
- Myofascial attachments
Vascular Supply
Innervation
Clinical Significance
Knee
- All
- Pediatric
- Tibial Tubercle Avulsion Fracture
- Osgood Schlatter Disease
- Patellar Apophysitis (Sinding-Larsen-Johnansson Disease)
- Patellar Pole Avulsion Fracture
Leg
- Adult
- Pediatric