Extra Ocular Muscles
Description
Names
- Extra Ocular Muscles
- Extrinsic ocular muscles
- Muscles of the orbit
- Eye muscles
General
- Six skeletal muscles and one accessory muscle which control eye movement within the orbit
- Directs eyes to focus on same point, allowing for binocular vision
Superior Rectus
- Origin: Common tendinous ring
- Insertion: Superior anterior sclera
- Action: Elevates, adducts, and medially rotates (intorts) the eye
- Innervation: Oculomotor nerve
Inferior Rectus
- Origin: Common tendinous ring
- Insertion: Inferior anterior sclera
- Action: Depresses, adducts, and laterally rotates (extorts) the eye
- Innervation: Oculomotor nerve
Lateral Rectus
- Origin: Common tendinous ring
- Insertion: Lateral anterior sclera
- Action: Abducts the eye
- Innervation: Abducens nerve
Medial Rectus
- Origin: Common tendinous ring
- Insertion: Medial anterior sclera
- Action: Adducts the eye
- Innervation: Oculomotor nerve
Superior Oblique
- Origin: Body of sphenoid bone
- Insertion: Posterolateral sclera
- Action: Depresses, abducts, and medially rotates (intorts) the eye
- Innervation: Trochlear nerve
Inferior Oblique
- Origin: Maxillary bone
- Insertion: Posterolateral sclera
- Action: Elevates, abducts, and laterally rotates (extorts) the eye
- Innervation: Oculomotor nerve (CN III, inferior division)
Accessory Muscle: Levator Palpebrae Superioris
- Origin: Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone, just above the optic canal
- Insertion: superior tarsal plate of the upper eyelid, blends with the skin of the upper eyelid
- Action: Elevates the upper eyelid.
- Vascular Supply: Ophthalmic artery
- Innervation: Oculomotor nerve (somatic), sympathetic innervation from sympathetic plexus
Vascular Supply
- Lacrimal artery (branch of ophthalmic artery)
- Ophthalmic artery
Clinical Significance
- Needs to be updated
See Also
References
- ↑ Image courtesy of seevividly.com
- ↑ Nolan, Ryan, et al. "Radiologic evaluation in the diagnosis of diplopia due to unilateral accessory extraocular muscle." Radiology Case Reports 20.1 (2025): 334-337.
- ↑ Kim, Jungkyu, Abid Imran, and Byung-Ju Yi. "Analysis of Motion and Internal Loading in Redundantly Actuated Human Eyeball." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 72917-72928.