Synephrine

Other Names

A stimulant which athletes may use due to perceived benefits such as increased energy, stamina, muscle strength, and fat loss.

* increases metabolism and energy expenditure ^[1]

asthma and allergies due to decongestant properties and its effect as a bronchial smooth muscle relaxer

Similar in structure to methamphetamine and can present acutely with a sympathomimetic toxidrome.
- Effects are much less potent and longer acting than amphetamines.
Side effects include anxiety, tremors, psychosis, irritability, headache, and dizziness.
Overdose can cause confusion, hallucinations, convulsions, and difficulty with respiration.
- The most serious potential signs and symptoms of overdose include rapid, irregular heartbeat and significantly elevated blood pressure.

acts on the central nervous system by increasing the release of noradrenaline as well as stimulating alpha and beta receptors

Included in the 2019 Monitoring Program
- Is not currently considered a Prohibited Substance
Synephrine is banned by the NCAA ^[2]

Synephrine may cause a positive amphetamine result on a urine drug screen because of their similar chemical structures.
- A confirmation test is available which tests for synephrine if the initial urine sample reveals a positive amphetamine result. ^[3]

↑ Stohs SJ, Preuss HG, Shara M. A review of the human clinical studies involving citrus aurantium (bitter orange) extract and its primary protoalkaloid p-synephrine. Int J Med Sci. 2012. doi:10.7150/ijms.4446
↑ Opss.org. (2019). Synephrine and drug testing | opss. [online] Available at: https://www.opss.org/article/synephrine-and-drug-testing [Accessed 21 Jul. 2019].
↑ Opss.org. (2019). Synephrine and drug testing | opss. [online] Available at: https://www.opss.org/article/synephrine-and-drug-testing [Accessed 21 Jul. 2019].

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21 July 2019 17:25:40

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