Eye Anatomy
Description
Name
- Eye
- Eyeball
General
- Bilateral, spherical organ which houses all the structures for vision
- Lies within the bony cavity of the facial skeleton, known as the bony orbit
- Eye can be divided into fibrous, vascular, inner layers
Fibrous Layer
- Outermost layer consisting of sclera and cornea which are continuous
- They provide shape to the eye, support the deeper structure
- Sclera makes up the majority of the fibrous layer, providing attachment for extra ocular muscles
- Cornea is transparent, positioned centrally and directs light into the inner eye
Vascular Layer
- Lies deep to the fibrous layer, consists of choroid, ciliary body, iris
- Choroid: contains connective tissue and vessels, nourishing the outer layer of the retina
- Ciliary body: controls the shape of the lens, helps create aqueous humor
- Iris: circular structure with aperture in the center (pupil)
Inner Layer
- Formed by the retina, the light detecting part of the eye
- Outer layer: pigmented, absorbs light, continuous with inner surface of eye
- Inner layer: neural, composed of photoreceptors which detect light
- Optic retina: both layers of the retina are present and contributing to vision
- Macula: central part of the retina, yellowish and highly pigmented
- Fovea centralis: depression in the macula which has a higher concentration of light detecting cells
Vitreous Body
- Transparent gel which fills the posterior segment of the eyeball
- Functions:
- Contributes to the magnifying power of the eye
- Supports the lens
- Holds the layers of the retina in place
Lens
- Located anteriorly between vitreous humor and pupil
- Shape is altered by the ciliary body, altering its refractive power
Anterior & Posterior Chambers
- Anterior: located between cornea and iris
- Posterior: located between iris and ciliary processes
- Chambers are filled with aqueous humor which nourishes and protects the eye
- Control movement of the eye within the orbit
- Rectus: Superior rectus, Inferior rectus, Medial rectus, Lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique
- Accessory Muscle: Levator palpebrae superioris
Clinical Significance
- Needs to be updated
See Also
References
- ↑ Image courtesy of brittanica.com
- ↑ Al-Jafar, Hassan, et al. "Ocular Complications in Sickle Cell Disease: A Neglected Issue." Open Journal of Ophthalmology 10.3 (2020): 200-210.
- ↑ Fernandes, Ana R., et al. "Development and characterization of nanoemulsions for ophthalmic applications: Role of cationic surfactants." Materials 14.24 (2021): 7541.