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Glenoid Labrum

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Description

Sagittal view of the glenoid, showing the labrum, the biceps tendon, the glenohumeral ligaments and their relations with the glenoid clock positions. A, acromion; BT, biceps tendon; C, coracoid process; G, glenoid; IGHLC, inferior glenohumeral ligament complex; IS, infraspinatus muscle; SGHL, superior glenohumeral ligament; SS, supraspinatus muscle; T, teres minor[1]
Diagram shows the clock-like division of the glenoid rim and its four sectors: inferior, posterior, anterior and superior[2]
Graphic of the left shoulder demonstrating circumferential repair of the labrum with a total of 8 anchors.[3]

Name

  • Glenoid Labrum
  • Labrum Glenoideum

General

  • Fibrocartilaginous structure that attaches to the as a rib to the articular cartilage of the glenoid fossa
  • Serves to deepen and increase the surface area of the glenoid
  • It acts as a static stabilizer of the glenohumeral joint[4]
    • Resists anterior/posterior movement
    • Prevents dislocation/subluxation at extremes of range of motion

Gross Anatomy

  • Composed of fibrocartilage, approximately 3 mm thick and 4 mm wide with high variability
  • Can be triangular or round (more commonly) on cross section
  • More round and smaller inferiorly, superiorly more triangular in shape and larger

Attachments

Actions

  • Contributes up to 10% to glenohumeral stability[5]
  • Functions[6]
    • Increases contact area between head of Humerus and Scapula
    • Contributes to 'viscoelastic piston' effect, maintaining negative intra-articular pressure
    • Provides insertion for stabilizing structures including capsule, glenohumeral ligaments

Vascular Supply

  • Ascending glenoid artery
  • Branches of the suprascapular
  • Branches of the circumflex scapular arteries
  • Muscular branches of rotator cuff muscles
  • Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
  • Underlying bone of the glenoid[7]

Radiographic Description

  • Clock face
    • 12 o'clock: superior
    • 3 o'clock: anterior
    • 6 o'clock: inferior
    • 9 o'clock: posterior
  • Segments
    • Superior
    • Anterosuperior
    • Anteroinferior
    • Inferior
    • Posteroinferior
    • Posterosuperior

Variant Anatomy

  • Variable cross-sectional shape: blunted, cleaved, notched or flat
  • Medialised posterior labrum
  • Anterior part is absent in less than 20% of individuals
  • Variation in anterior capsulolabral insertion

Clinical Significance

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Chloros, George D., et al. "Imaging of glenoid labrum lesions." Clinics in sports medicine 32.3 (2013): 361-390.
  2. ↑ Jarraya, Mohamed, et al. "MR-arthrography and CT-arthrography in sports-related glenolabral injuries: a matched descriptive illustration." Insights into Imaging 7 (2016): 167-177.
  3. ↑ Gwosdz, James, et al. "A 360° Labral Repair Using Two Portals and a Percutaneous Cannula." Arthroscopy Techniques 8.7 (2019): e763-e767.
  4. ↑ De Coninck T, Ngai S, Tafur M, Chung C. Imaging the Glenoid Labrum and Labral Tears. Radiographics. 2016;36(6):1628-47
  5. ↑ Halder AM, Kuhl SG, Zobitz ME, et al. Effects of the glenoid labrum and glenohumeral abduction on stability of the shoulder joint through concavity-compression: an in vitro study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2001;83-A: 1062Y1069.
  6. ↑ Clavert, P. "Glenoid labrum pathology." Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research 101.1 (2015): S19-S24.
  7. ↑ Alashkham A, Alraddadi A, Felts P, Soames R. Blood Supply and Vascularity of the Glenoid Labrum: Its Clinical Implications. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery. 2017;25(3):230949901773163.
Created by:
John Kiel on 21 February 2020 16:58:46
Authors:
Last edited:
2 October 2025 19:22:55
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