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Medial Collateral Ligament
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Contents
Description
Relationship of the MPFL (medial patellofemoral ligament), VMO (vastus medialis obliquus muscle), SM (semimembranosus), MGT (medial gastrocnemius tendon), POL (posterior oblique ligament) and sMCL (superficial medial collateral ligament).[1]
General
- Forms part of the capsuloligamentous complex of the medial knee
- 8 to 10 cm ligament in length, is the largest structure found on the medial aspect of the knee
Superficial MCL (sMCL)
- Also known as the tibial collateral ligament
- Origin: proximally from the posterior aspect of the medial femoral epicondyle
- Insertion: medial condyle of the tibia 5–7 cm below the joint line near the level Pes Anserinus
- First part: inserts anterior to semimembranosus tendon, 12 mm distal to joint line
- Second part: more distal, 61 mm distal to the joint line, inserts anterior to posteromedial crest of tibia
- Function: Primary static stabilizer to valgus stress of the knee
- Proximal portion: stabilizes against valgus forces in all degrees of knee flexion
- Distal portion: stabilizes stabilizes in external rotation at 30-60° of knee flexion and in internal rotation[2]
Deep portion of the MCL (dMCL)
- Also known as the mid-third capsular ligament, represents thickening of the medial joint capsule
- Meniscofemoral (ligaments of Humphrey and Wrisberg)
- Inserts into the medial meniscus, immediately distal to insertion of sMCL
- Meniscotibial (coronary ligament) ligament
- Originates from the medial meniscus
- Attaches to the medial tibial plateau
- Function: major secondary restraint to anterior translation of the tibia, provides minor static stabilization against valgus stress
- Also helps control against internal and external rotation
Posterior Oblique Ligament
- Controversy whether this is a portion of the Semimenbranosus, part of superficial MCL, or a distinct structure
- Resides on the posterior aspect of the superficial portion of the MCL
- Provides additional static and dynamic stabilization for the medial aspect of the knee
MCL Bursa (Voshell's Bursa)
- Found between the superficial and deep portions of the medial collateral ligament
- Anterior margin: adjacent to the anterior border of the superficial portion of the MCL
- Posterior margin: outlined by the junction of the superficial, deep portions
- Tibial component and femoral component (70% of cases)[3]
Actions
- Primary static stabilizer to valgus stress of the knee
Vascular Supply
Innervation
Clinical Significance
See Also
References
- ↑ Memarzadeh, Arman, and Joel TK Melton. "Medial collateral ligament of the knee: Anatomy, management and surgical techniques for reconstruction." Orthopaedics and Trauma 33.2 (2019): 91-99.
- ↑ Encinas-Ullán, Carlos A., and E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán. "Isolated medial collateral ligament tears: an update on management." EFORT open reviews 3.7 (2018): 398.
- ↑ De Maeseneer M, Shahabpour M, Van Roy F, Goossens A, De Ridder F, Clarijs J, Osteaux M. MR imaging of the medial collateral ligament bursa: findings in patients and anatomic data derived from cadavers. (2001) AJR. American journal of roentgenology. 177 (4): 911-7.