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Tibial Nerve

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Description

Anatomic course of the tibial nerve from the popliteal fossa to the tarsal tunnel[1]
Branches of the tibial nerve[2]
Anatomy of the distal tibial nerve and its branches[3]
Medial view of the ankle joint presenting the contents of the tarsal tunnel; tibialis posterior tendon (TP), flexor digitorum longus tendon (FDL), posterior tibial artery (PTA), posterior tibial vein (PTV), tibial nerve (TN) and the tendon of flexor hallucis longus (FHL), deep to the flexor retinaculum (FR). The bifurcation (B) points of the PTA (PTA B) and TN (TN B) are also represented[4]

General

  • Is one of two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve
  • It arises from the anterior divisions of the L4 to S3 nerve roots in the sacral plexus
  • It supplies the leg and foot with motor and sensory supply.

Terminology

  • Essentially describes the nerve as it courses distally
  • Tibial Nerve: from popliteal fossa into tarsal tunnel
  • Posterior Tibial Nerve: from tarsal tunnel to distal branches

Anatomic Course

  • It passes down through the popliteal fossa running posterior to the popliteal vessels
  • Passes between the heads of gastrocnemius and soleus muscle
  • It then emerges to pass under the flexor retinaculum in the tarsal tunnel
  • On reaching the medial malleolus it divides into three terminal branches

Branches

Motor Functions

Sensory functions

  • Sural Nerve
    • Formed by branches of common fibular nerve and tibial nerve
    • Sensory innervation of the posterolateral side of the leg, lateral side of the foot
  • Tibial Nerve as it passes through the tarsal tunnel
    • Medial calcaneal branches: innervate the skin over the heel
    • Medial plantar nerve: Innervates the plantar surface of the medial three and a half digits, associated sole area
    • Lateral plantar nerve: Innervates the plantar surface of the lateral one and a half digits, associated sole area
  • Articular branches to knee, ankle and foot joints.

Clinical Significance

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Bedewi, Mohamed Abdelmohsen, et al. "Estimation of ultrasound reference values for the lower limb peripheral nerves in adults: a cross-sectional study." Medicine 97.12 (2018): e0179.
  2. ↑ m Waxman S. Clinical Neuroanatomy, 26th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2009: figure C-17
  3. ↑ Brown, Michael N., et al. "Tibial nerve entrapment." Peripheral Nerve Entrapments: Clinical Diagnosis and Management (2016): 819-831.
  4. ↑ Marchese, Bridget, Aaron McDonald, and Heath McGowan. "The bifurcation and topography of the posterior tibial artery within the tarsal tunnel." Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 45.5 (2023): 611-622.
Created by:
Alaa Khader on 29 June 2022 12:29:39
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Last edited:
23 April 2026 15:18:25
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