Environmental Main

Other Names

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Altitude Illness (Main)

• Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS): headache, trouble sleeping and fatigue which can progress to HACE
• High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE): end stage of AMS with neurological dysfunction
• High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE): Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
• High Altitude Training: review of high altitude training

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Cold Illness (Main)

• Minor
  • Chilblains: Maladaptive vascular response to non-freezing cold causes an inflammatory skin disorder
  • Cold Induced Urticaria: self limiting urticaria which occurs after cold exposure
  • Frostbite: cold thermal injury which occurs when tissues are exposed to temperatures below their freezing point
  • Trench Foot: non-freezing cold injury resulting in peripheral neuropathy
• Major
  • Anaphylaxis: anaphylaxis associated with cold and exercise
  • Angioedema: angioedema associated with cold and exercise
  • Hypothermia: defined as core body temperature below 35°C (95°F)

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Dive Medicine (Main)

• Barotrauma of descent
  • Otic Barotrauma: "ear squeeze"
  • Sinus Barotrauma: "sinus squeeze"
  • Mask Squeeze: air in the mask decreases in volume during a dive, creating negative pressure
  • Barodentalgia: trapped dental air causing squeeze
• At depth injuries
  • Oxygen Toxicity: harmful effects of breathing oxygen at higher partial pressures than normal
  • Nitrogen Narcosis: toxic effects of breathing nitrogen-containing gases while at depth
  • Hypothermia: decrease core temperature with prolonged exposure to cold water
  • Carbon Monoxide Toxicity: CO toxicity typically results from a faulty air compressor
  • Caustic Cocktail: Inhalation of absorbent material used to scrub CO2 mixes with water
• Barotrauma of ascent
  • Pulmonary Barotrauma: occurs when diver breathing compressed air ascends too rapidly
  • Decompression Sickness: Dissolved nitrogen comes out of solution, forms bubbles in blood and tissue ("the bends")
  • Arterial Gas Embolism
  • Alternobaric vertigo
  • Facial baroparesis (Bells Palsy)
• Other
  • Immersion Pulmonary Edema: also termed swimming induced pulmonary edema
  • Salt water aspiration
  • Submersion Injury: includes drowning, near drowning

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Heat Illness (Main)

• Minor
  • Milaria
  • Heat Edema
  • Sunburn
  • Heat Tetany
  • Heat Cramps
• Major
  • Heat Syncope
  • Heat Exhaustion
  • Exertional Heat Stroke
  • Rhabdomyolysis

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Other

• Physiologic Response to Hypoxia and Acclimitization
• Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature

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