Tibia
(Redirected from Tibial shaft)
Description
Alternative Names
- Shinbone
- Shin bone
- Tibial bone
- Os tibia
- Tibia bone
General
- Largest and strongest bone of the lower leg
- Primary weight-bearing bone between the knee and ankle
- Articulates with the femur, fibula, and talus
- Forms the shin and the medial malleolus of the ankle
Proximal
- Tibial plateau forms articular surface, articulates with the femur, to form the Knee Joint along with the patella
- Tibial tuberosity is described below
Mid Shaft
- Interosseous Membrane of the Leg
- Acts as a fibrous anchor between the tibia and Fibula
- Runs along the length of both bones (lateral side of tibia)
Distal
- Tibial plafond forms articular surface for the Ankle Joint
- Medial malleolus contributes to medial stability
Gerdy's Tubercle
- Bony landmark on superior anterolateral tibia
- Site of attachment of the Iliotibial Tract, Tibialis Anterior
Tibial Tubercle
- Attachment site for Patellar Tendon
- Final component of Knee Extensor Mechanism
Pediatric Considerations
- Proximal Tibial Physis
- Tibial Tubercle Physis
- Apophysis, does not contribute to length of bone
- Attachment site of the patellar tendon
- Appears around age 10 to 12, closes around age 16 to 19[6]
- Developmental Anatomy
- Cartilage stage: occurs before a secondary ossification center appears at the tubercle
- Apophyseal stage: secondary ossification center appears in girls (8-12), boys (9-14)
- Epiphyseal stage: secondary ossification centers (proximal tibia, tubercle) merge into a bony tubercle adjacent to proximal tibial epiphysis
Actions
- Biomechanical
- Supports knee
- Supports knee flexion/extension at the tibial tubercle
- Supports ankle
- Myofascial Compartments
Vascular Supply
Innervation
- Periosteal branches of
Clinical Significance
Knee
- All
- Pediatric
- Tibial Tubercle Avulsion Fracture
- Osgood Schlatter Disease
- Patellar Apophysitis (Sinding-Larsen-Johnansson Disease)
- Patellar Pole Avulsion Fracture
Leg
- Adult
- Pediatric
See Also
References
- ↑ Trajanović, M., et al. "Reverse engineering of the human fibula." 11th international scientific conference MMA. 2012.
- ↑ Case courtesy of Andrew Murphy, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 68580
- ↑ Repo, Jussi. "Microvascular reconstruction of traumatic compound bone and soft tissue defects of the tibia and ankle: Long-term patient-reported outcomes." (2017).
- ↑ Mayer, Stephanie, Jay C. Albright, and Jason W. Stoneback. "Pediatric knee dislocations and physeal fractures about the knee." JAAOS-Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 23.9 (2015): 571-580.
- ↑ Herring, John A. Tachdjian's Pediatric Orthopaedics: From the Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children: From the Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2013.
- ↑ Schiller, Jonathan, Steven DeFroda, and Travis Blood. "Lower extremity avulsion fractures in the pediatric and adolescent athlete." JAAOS-Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 25.4 (2017): 251-259.
- ↑ Rosa, Natacha. Enhancement of Bone Healing through Mechanical Stimulation. Diss. Universidade do Porto (Portugal), 2016.