Plantar Fascia
Description
Names
- Plantar fascia
- Plantar aponeurosis
- Plantar Fascia Ligament
- Plantar Foot Fascia
- Central Plantar Fascia
- Central Band of the Plantar Fascia
- Plantar Fibrous Aponeurosis
- Plantar Connective Tissue Band
- Longitudinal Arch Fascia
General
- Dense collection of collagen fibers on the plantar surface of the foot
- Supports the arch of the foot, protects vital structures
Structure
- Composed predominantly of longitudinally oriented collagen fibers
- 3 distinct components: medial, central, lateral
- Thick centrally, known as aponeurosis and then thin along the sides
- Triangular shape
Origin
- Medial process of the tuberosity of the calcaneus
- Proximal to flexor digitorum brevis
Insertion
Medial Band
- Inserts into the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint
- Covers abductor hallucis
Lateral Band
- Inserts on the base of the 5th metatarsal
- Covers the abductor digiti minimi
Central Band
- Central band inserts on each toe just proximal to the head of the metatarsal
- Superficial layers insert into the dermis at the ball of the foot, crease between the ball and toes
- Deep layers become septa that separate the digital flexor tendons from the lumbricals
Actions
General
- Supports the arch of the foot by acting as a tie-rod
- Undergoes tension during weight bearing
- Carries as much as 14% of the total load of the foot (need citation)
- Protects the deep structures of the plantar foot
- Maintains longitudinal arch
- Muscular attachment
- Prevents excessive dorsiflexion[4]
Gait
- Significant dynamic function during gait
- Behaves like a spring during contact phase, mid-stance and toe-off[5]
Windlass mechanism
- Tension in plantar fascia when toes are dorsiflexed
- During propulsive phase of gait
Vascular Supply
- Branches of the posterior tibial artery
Innervation
Clinical Significance
- Plantar Fasciitis
- Plantar Fascia Tear
- Plantar Fascia Enthesopathy
- Plantar fibromatosis
- Psoriatic Arthritis can affect the plantar fascia
See Also
References
- ↑ Latt, L. Daniel, et al. "Evaluation and treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis." Foot & ankle orthopaedics 5.1 (2020): 2473011419896763.
- ↑ Abarca, Mario, and Jorge Filippi. "Plantar Fasciitis." Foot and Ankle Disorders: A Comprehensive Approach in Pediatric and Adult Populations. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. 885-900.
- ↑ Rosenbaum, Andrew J., John A. DiPreta, and David Misener. "Plantar heel pain." Medical Clinics 98.2 (2014): 339-352.
- ↑ Chen DW, Li B, Aubeeluck A, Yang YF, Huang YG, Zhou JQ, Yu GR. Anatomy and biomechanical properties of the plantar aponeurosis: a cadaveric study. Plos one. 2014 Jan 2;9(1):e84347.
- ↑ Amit Gefen (March 2003). "The in vivo elastic properties of the plantar fascia during the contact phase of walking". Foot & Ankle International. 24 (3): 238–244. doi:10.1177/107110070302400307