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Foot And Ankle Anatomy

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Introduction

A = Talocrural joint B = Talocalcaneonaviwcular joint C = Transverse tarsal joint (Chopart joint line) D = Tarsometatarsal joints (Lisfranc joint line) 1 Tibia 2 Deep flexor muscles of leg 3 Superficial flexor muscles of leg 4 Ankle joint 5 Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament 6 Subtalar joint 7 Calcaneal or Achilles tendon and bursa 8 Calcaneus 9 Vessels and nerves of foot 10 Talus 11 Talocalcaneonavicular joint 12 Navicular bone 13 Cuneonavicular joint 14 Intermediate cuneiform bone 15 First tarsometatarsal joint 16 Metatarsal bones 17 Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints 18 Quadratus plantae muscle with flexor tendons 19 Flexor digitorum brevis muscle 20 Plantar aponeurosis 21 Tendon of tibialis posterior muscle 22 Tendon of flexor hallucis longus muscle 23 Flexor hallucis brevis muscle 24 Sesamoid bone 25 Cuboid bone 26 Fibula 27 Medial cuneiform bone 28 Lateral cuneiform bone 29 Phalanges[1]
Bones of the foot[2]
Foot radiograph with bones of the foot labeled[3]
Illustration of ankle range of motion[4]
Illustration of the normal tibiofibular syndesmosis[5]
Intrinsic muscles of the foot. Plantar intrinsics: Layer 1: 1 = abductor hallucis, 2 = flexor digitorum brevis, 3 = abductor digiti minimi; Layer 2: 4 = quadratus plantae, 5 = lumbricals 1-4; Layer 3: 6 = flexor digiti minimi, 7a = adductor hallucis oblique head, 7b = adductor hallucis transverse head, 8 = flexor hallucis brevis; Layer 4: Dorsal Interossei. Dorsal Intrinsics: 10 = dorsal interossei, 11 = extensor digitorum brevis[6]
Labeled lateral ankle xray[7]

Regions of the Foot

Columns the foot

Joint Function in the Foot

Muscles of the Lower Leg

Anterior Compartment of the Leg

Lateral Compartment of the Leg

Superficial Posterior Compartment of the Leg

Deep Posterior Compartment of the Leg

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot

Plantar Surface

Dorsal Surface

Bones

Accessory Bones of the Foot

Joints

Hindfoot/Midfoot

Midfoot

Forefoot

Ligaments

Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmosis

Lateral Ligament Complex

Deltoid Ligament

Ligaments of the Sinus Tarsi

Ligaments of the Lisfranc Joint

Ligaments of the Chopart Joint

Ligaments of the Intermetatarsal Joints

Ligaments of the Toes

Nerves

Vascular Supply

Bursae of the Foot and Ankle

Other Anatomic Structures

Retinacula

Tendons

Arches of the Foot

Other

Biomechanics

Ankle

  • Dorsiflexion: 20-30°
  • Plantarflexion: 40-50°
  • Pronation: 30°
  • Supination: 60°

Foot

  • Inversion: 35°
  • Eversion: 25°

Metatarsophalangeal joints

  • Flexion: 30°
  • Extension: 80°

Interphalangeal joints of toes

  • Flexion: 50°
  • Extension: 50°

See Also

Internal

External

References

  1. ↑ Rohen, Johannes W., Chihiro Yokochi, and Elke Lutjen-Drecoll. Photographic atlas of anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020.
  2. ↑ Case courtesy of OpenStax College, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 42753
  3. ↑ Image courtesy of ce4rt.com
  4. ↑ Almoallim, Hani, et al. "Approach to Musculoskeletal Examination." Skills in Rheumatology (2021): 17-65.
  5. ↑ Liu, Jiayong, Daniel Valentine, and Nabil A. Ebraheim. "Management of syndesmosis injury: A narrative review." Orthopedic Research and Reviews (2022): 471-475.
  6. ↑ Fraser, John J., Mark A. Feger, and Jay Hertel. "Midfoot and forefoot involvement in lateral ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. Part 1: anatomy and biomechanics." International journal of sports physical therapy 11.6 (2016): 992.
  7. ↑ Image courtesy of askmsk.in
Created by:
John Kiel on 20 June 2019 01:58:20
Authors:
Last edited:
26 August 2025 11:56:47
Categories:
Lower Extremity | Anatomy | Ankle | Foot
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