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Tarsal Bones of the Foot

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Description

Foot radiograph with bones of the foot labeled[1]
Bones of the foot[2]
The normal age of ossification of the tarsal bones[3]
Illustration of the carpal and tarsal bones of the human body. A: The eight carpal bones of the left hand (anterior view) with the respective Arabic mnemonics. B: The seven tarsal bones of the right foot (dorsal view) with the respective Arabic mnemonics[4]
Normal anatomy of the midfoot. The midfoot contains osseous, ligamentous, and tendinous structures located between the Chopart and the Lisfranc joints[5]
Anatomic representation of the human foot and ankle, showing the major bones constituting the hindfoot, the midfoot and the forefoot, and the plantar fascia ligament linking the hindfoot to the forefoot.[6]

Names

  • Tarsal bones
  • Tarsus
  • Ossa tarsi
  • Tarsal Bones
  • Foot Tarsal Bones
  • Tarsal Bones (Foot)
  • Tarsal Bone Anatomy
  • Tarsus Bones
  • Bones of the Tarsus
  • Tarsus of the Foot
  • Foot Tarsus
  • Hindfoot and Midfoot Bones
  • Seven Tarsal Bones
  • Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Cuboid, and Cuneiforms
  • Cuneiform Bones of the Foot

General

  • Seven bones of the foot (excludes metatarsals, phalanges)
  • Form the posterior part of the foot
  • Tarsal bones organized into three rows: proximal, intermediate, and distal
    • Proximal: talus, calcaneus
    • Intermediate: navicular
    • Distal: cuboid, cuneiforms

Talus

  • Most superior of the tarsal bones
  • Transmits the weight of the body to the foot
  • Three articulations
  • Function
    • Transmits forces from the tibia to the heel
    • Wider anteriorly which provides stability to the ankle joint
  • Stabilized by numerus ligaments
  • No muscular attachments
  • High risk of avascular necrosis

Calcaneus

  • Largest tarsal bone
  • Lies underneath the talus, constitutes the heel
  • Two articulations
  • Protrudes posteriorly, takes the weight of the body as the heel hits the ground during gait
  • Posteriorly marked by calcaneal tuberosity which is the insertion point of the Achilles Tendon

Navicular

  • Positioned medially
  • Articulates with
    • Posterior: talus
    • Anterior: all three cuneiforms
    • Lateral: Cuboid
  • Plantar surface is attachment for the tibialis posterior tendon

Cuboid

  • Most lateral
  • Articulates with
    • Posterior: calcaneus
    • Anterior: fourth, fifth metatarsals
  • Inferior marked by a groove for fibularis longus tendon

Cuneiforms

  • Three: lateral, intermediate, middle
  • Articulation
    • Posterior: navicular
    • Anterior: metatarsals
  • Helps form the transverse arch of the foot
  • Attachment point for multiple muscles

Clinical Significance

Trauma

Non-Traumatic

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Image courtesy of ce4rt.com
  2. ↑ Case courtesy of OpenStax College, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 42753
  3. ↑ Pasupathy, B., and M. Sathish. "Observational Study on Impact of Pediatric Foot Pathology and its Management in Ossification of Midfoot Tarsal bones." International Journal of Paediatric Orthopaedics 6.1 (2020): 7-10.
  4. ↑ Joseph, Mickaël A., and Jansirani Natarajan. "The carpal and tarsal bones of the human body: Arabic mnemonics." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal 20.2 (2020): e223.
  5. ↑ Tafur, Monica, Zehava Sadka Rosenberg, and Jenny T. Bencardino. "MR imaging of the midfoot including Chopart and Lisfranc joint complexes." Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics 25.1 (2017): 95-125.
  6. ↑ DOI:10.1142/S0219843622500013
Created by:
John Kiel on 20 November 2024 07:58:32
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Last edited:
3 March 2026 01:17:26
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