Ribs
Description
Nomenclature
- Ribs: set of 12 paired bones which form a protective cage for the thorax
- Rib cage: including the sternum and spine, form a protective cage for the thorax
Function
- Protects the internal thoracic organs
- Role in ventilation (moves during chest expansion)
Typical Ribs
- Head
- Wedge shaped with two articular facets
- One facet articulates with the corresponding vertebrae
- The other facet articulates with the vertebra above
- Neck
- No bony prominences
- Connects the head to the body
- Tubercle with a facet articulates with the transverse process of the corresponding vertebrae
- Shaft
- Flat and curved
- Internal surface has a groove for the neurovascular bundle
Atypical Ribs
- Rib 1
- Shorter, wider than other ribs
- Only one facet for articulation with corresponding vertebrae
- Superior surface has two grooves for subclavian vessels
- Rib 2
- Thinner, longer than rib 1
- Has two articular facets
- Roughened area on upper surface originating for serratus anterior
- Rib 10
- Only one facet for articulation with numerically corresponding vertebra
- Ribs 11/12
- No neck, only contains one facet for articulation with corresponding vertebra
Posterior Articulations
- All 12 ribs articulate with a vertebra
- Costotransverse Joints: between tubercle of rib, transverse costal facet of corresponding vertebra
- Costovertebral Joints: head of the rib, superior costal facet of corresponding vertebra, inferior costal facet of vertebra above
Anterior Articulations
- Sternocostal Joints: Ribs 1-7 attach independently to the Sternum
- Costochondral Joints: connects the sternal end of each rib to its respective costal cartilage (1-10)
- Interchondral Joints: connects costal cartilage of the ribs together between ribs 6 and 10
- Ribs 8-10: attach to costal cartilage superior to them
- Ribs 11-12: no anterior attachment
- Sometimes called "floating ribs"
Muscular Attachments: Muscles of Respiration
- Diaphragm
- External Intercostals
- Internal Intercostals
- Innermost Intercostals
- Serratus Posterior Superior
- Serratus Posterior Inferior
- Scalene Muscles
- Sternocleidomastoid
Muscular Attachments: Muscles of the Thoracic Wall
Muscular Attachments: Back and Abdominal Muscles
- Latissimus Dorsi
- Trapezius
- Iliocostalis
- Rectus Abdominis
- External Oblique
- Internal Oblique
- Transversus Abdominis
Clinical Significance
See Also
References
- ↑ Diaz, Jose J., and Faris K. Azar. "Minimally invasive chest wall stabilization: a novel surgical approach to video-assisted rib plating (VARP)." Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open 4.1 (2019): e000366.
- ↑ Madeka, Isheeta, et al. "A Review of Slipping Rib Syndrome: Diagnostic and Treatment Updates to a Rare and Challenging Problem." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12.24 (2023): 7671.
- ↑ Salo, Juho. "Oncological Resection and Reconstruction of the Chest Wall." (2021).
- ↑ Kim, Jae Bong, et al. "Utility of two surgical techniques using a lateral intercostal artery perforator flap after breast-conserving surgery: a single-center retrospective study." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 143.3 (2019): 477e-487e.