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Back Anatomy

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Muscles

Bones of the spine[1]
Structures of the lateral spine and vertebrae[1]
Vertebral columns of the back[1]
Computer-generated lateral three-dimensional (3D) image of the thoracolumbar spine shows the components of the anterior (yellow) and posterior (orange) spinal motion segments[2]
Lateral view of spinal cord topography and its different regions: cervical district (C1 to C8)), Thoracic district (T1 to T 12), Lumbar district (L1 to L5), Sacral district (S1 to S5) and Coccygeal segment. Each segment of the spinal cord directly innervates specific regions of skin and muscle districts[3]

Lateral

Suboccipital Muscles

Superficial Posterior

Intermediate Posterior

Deep Posterior

Bones

Skull

  • Occiptal Bone
  • Temporal Bone

Vertebrae and Vertebral Column

Other Spinal

Spine Anatomy Related

Accessory Bones of the Spine

Joints

Ligaments

Deep spinal muscles including semispinalis, multifidus, spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis[4]

Ligaments of the Vertebral Bodies

Ligaments of the Vertebral Arches

Craniovertebral Ligaments

Costovertebral Ligaments

  • Intra-articular ligament of head of rib
  • Radiate ligaments of head of rib
  • Costotransverse ligaments

Sacroiliac Ligaments

Other

Nerves

Vascular Supply

  • Needs Update

Other Anatomic Structures

Natural Curves

  • Cervical Lordosis
    • Normal:
  • Thoracic Kyphysosis
    • Normal: 20-40 degrees
  • Lumbar Lordosis
    • Normal:

Anatomic Landmarks

See Also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Almoallim, Hani, et al. "Approach to Musculoskeletal Examination." Skills in Rheumatology (2021): 17-65.
  2. ↑ Khurana, Bharti, et al. "Traumatic thoracolumbar spine injuries: what the spine surgeon wants to know." Radiographics 33.7 (2013): 2031-2046.
  3. ↑ Facchin, Marco, Marco Viola, and Elia Zanin. "Retiring the “Cinderella view”: the spinal cord as an intrabodily cognitive extension." Biology & Philosophy 36.5 (2021): 45.
  4. ↑ Galbusera, F., and H. J. Wilke. "Biomechanics of the Spine: Basic Concepts." Spinal Disorders and Treatments. 1st ed: Academic Press, 2018. 456 p (2018).
Created by:
John Kiel on 21 June 2019 15:05:24
Last edited:
21 May 2026 20:31:30
Categories:
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