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Physical Exam Neck

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Introduction

  • Follows the IP-PASS examination methodology
    • Inspection
    • Palpation
    • Passive Range of Motion
    • Active Range of Motion
    • Strength & Neurovascular
    • Special Tests

Inspection

  • Skin
    • Color: erythema, ecchymosis, white, black
    • Trophic changes (altered hair growth, sweat production)
  • Scars
  • Swelling
  • Muscle tone: atrophy, hypertrophy
  • Deformity: asymmetry, rotation, amputation
  • Areas of emphasis for neck exam
    • Resting position of neck, exaggerated kyphosis or lordosis
    • Swelling or masses
    • Lymphadenopathy
    • Tracheal deviation

Palpation


Range of Motion

  • Flexion: 45-60° from neutral
  • Extension: 45-80° from neutral
  • Rotation: 80-85° from neutral
  • Lateral Flexion (Sidebending): 45° degree from neutral

Strength and Neurovascular

Strength

  • Flexion
  • Extension
    • Sternocleidomastoid
    • Spinalis Cervicis
    • Spinalis Capitus
    • Semispinalis Cervicis
    • Semispinalis Capitus
    • Splenius Cervicis
    • Iliocostalis Cervicis
    • Longissimus Cervicis
    • Rectus Capitus Posterior Major
    • Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor
    • Obliquus Capitus Superior
  • Rotation
    • Sternocleidomastoid
    • Scalenes
    • Spinalis Cervicis
    • Spinalis Capitus
    • Longissimus Capitis
    • Rectus Capitus Posterior Major
    • Obliquus Capitus Inferior
  • Sidebending or Side Flexion
    • Rectus Capitus Lateralis
    • Obliquus Capitus Superior

Motor Nerves

  • C1-C3
  • Lower Cervical Nerve
  • Middle Cervical Nerve
  • Suboccipital Nerve

Sensory Nerves

  • Need image

Dermatomes

  • C5: Lateral deltoid
  • C6: Lateral elbow, Dorsal thumb
  • C7: dorsal, proximal 2nd or 3rd digit
  • C8: dorsal, proximal 5th digit
  • T1: Medial elbow

Myotomes

  • C5: Elbow flexion
  • C6: Wrist extension
  • C7: Elbow extension
  • C8/T1: Pink abduction

Reflexes

  • C5/C6: Biceps
  • C5/C6: Brachioradialis
  • C7/C8: Triceps

Special Tests


See Also

Created by:
John Kiel on 5 May 2020 23:52:08
Authors:
Last edited:
2 December 2022 01:56:22
Category: