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Knee Anatomy

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Basic illustration of the knee joint[1]
Bones of the knee seen from different angles[2]
The four synovial plica of the knee[3]
Illustration of common knee bursae located about the knee joint, superimposed on a lateral knee radiograph shows the prepatellar bursa (1), superficial infrapatellar bursa (2), deep infrapatellar bursa (3), pes anserinus bursa (4) deep to the sartorius (S), gracilis (G), and semitendinosus (ST) tendons, MCL bursa (5) deep to the MCL, semimembranosus-tibial collateral ligament bursa (6), Baker cyst (7), medial (8) and lateral (not shown) gastrocnemius bursae[4]
Normal PA radiograph of the knee
E. Anterior attachments of extensors of knee. F. Quadriceps femoris. G. Vastus intermedius. H. Posterior attachments of extensors of knee. I. Vastus medialis and lateralis.[5]
Basic illustration of the extensor mechanism of the knee[6]
Illustration of the pes anserinus
Popliteal fossa anatomy[7]

Muscles

Knee Extensor Muscles

Knee Flexor Muscles

Knee Medial Rotation Muscles

Knee Lateral Rotation Muscles

Other

Bones

Accessory Bones of the Knee

Joints

Ligaments

Tendons of the Knee Extensor Mechanism

Major Knee Ligaments

Minor Knee Ligaments

Posterolateral Corner

Tibiofibular Ligaments

Nerves

Major Nerves

Other

Labeled lateral radiographs
Labled PA radiographs

Vascular Supply

Genicular Anastomosis

Branches

  • Descending branches
  • Ascending branches
  • Branches of the popliteal artery

Other Anatomic Structures

Bursae of the Knee

Synovial Plicae of the Knee

Other

Biomechanics

Primary Movements

  • Flexion: 140°
  • Extension: 0°

Limited Secondary Movements

  • Medial Rotation: 5°
  • Lateral Rotation: 5°

See Also

Internal

External

References

  1. ↑ Almoallim, Hani, et al. "Approach to Musculoskeletal Examination." Skills in Rheumatology (2021): 17-65.
  2. ↑ Image courtesy of southmountainpt.com
  3. ↑ Image courtesy of radsource.us
  4. ↑ Pandya, Siddharth, and David M. Melville. "Evaluation of the knee joint with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging." Journal of Ultrasonography 23.95 (2023): e239.
  5. ↑ Moore, Keith L., and Arthur F. Dalley. Clinically oriented anatomy. Wolters kluwer india Pvt Ltd, 2018.
  6. ↑ Image courtesy of drerikhohmann.com, "Knee Extensor Mechanism"
  7. ↑ Case courtesy of Craig Hacking, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 70604
Created by:
John Kiel on 20 June 2019 01:57:07
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Last edited:
5 March 2026 02:58:36
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